General two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic equilibria with mass flow

A set of reduced ideal MHD equations is derived to investigate equilibria of plasmas with mass flow in general two-dimensional geometry. These equations provide a means of investigating the effects of flow on self-consistent equilibria in a number of new two-dimensional configurations, such as helically symmetric configurations with helical axis, which are relevant to stellarators, as well as axisymmetric configurations. It is found that, as in the axisymmetric case, general two-dimensional flow equilibria are governed by a second-order quasilinear partial differential equation for a magnetic flux function, which is coupled to a Bernoulli-type equation for the density. An exact solution for the case of helically symmetric unidirectional flow is found and studied to determine flow effects on the magnetic topology. (author)