National Energy Options for reducing CO2 emissions: Volume 2: Country studies

The results of studies carried out by participants in Annex 4: Greenhouse Gases and National Energy Options of the Energy Technology Systems Analysis Programme of the International Energy Agency (IEA-ETSAP) are reported. In IEA-ETSAP/Annex 4, eleven countries and one international organisation cooperated to identify cost-effective strategies for greenhouse gas emission reduction, focusing on technological options for CO2 reduction. The studies reported on are all carried out as part of National Programmes of Work, primarily aiming to perform assessments for national bodies, but also providing the information upon which an agreed Common Programme of Work was founded. National priorities and interests prevented some participants from submitting their results to ECN Policy Studies, Operating Agent for IEA-ETSAP, within the adopted time schedule for processing in the common analyses. Covered in the latter are Belgium, Canada (the two provinces Quebec and Ontario), Italy (included in the comparative analysis only, not in the aggregate results), Japan, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and the USA. Several participants embarked on, or continued, cooperative projects with non-OECD member countries, employing the common ETSAP approach, methodologies and tools. Thus contributing to one of the Annex 4 objectives: to enhance the global coverage of consistent and comparable energy/environment studies. One example is reported here, describing the collaboration between Indonesia and the Energieforschungs Zentrum Juelich (KFA) in Germany. The country reports in this Volume 2 are written by the individual participants, in some cases edited and formatted by the Operating Agent, in most cases reproduced as delivered. Together with the numerical data on MARKAL model runs, these country reports form the indispensable backbone for the aggregate and comparative analyses performed, and the supporting country summaries in Volume 1