Fukushima Daiichi NPS, Japan (Case Studies on Applicability and Modification of Nuclear and Non-nuclear Regulations and Standards)

The Fukushima Daiichi NRA undertook a full revision of regulatory requirements based on (i) lessons learned from the Fukushima Daiichi accident, and (ii) a consideration of international safety requirements such as those of the IAEA Safety Standards. The revision process took place in July 2013 for commercial nuclear power plants, and in December 2013 for nuclear fuel cycle facilities. The revisions included (i) strengthening measures for the prevention of severe accidents, (ii) adoption of the latest technical knowledge, and (iii) adding systems which currently authorized nuclear facilities will also be required to adopt. In situations requiring special regulatory attention, the NRA issues a public notice to indicate that a facility has been designated as a so-called 'Specified Nuclear Power Facility'. The NRA immediately notifies the operator of the designated facility of "matters for which measures should be undertaken" and specifies the deadline for the implementation of the required measures. The operator is then responsible for obtaining NRA approval of the implementation plan, and takes the necessary steps to ensure operational safety, or the physical protection of specified nuclear materials. The operator is subject to NRA inspections to confirm compliance with the implementation plan.