Experimental and theoretical aspects of the antiparticles and antimatter problem in the Universe

The conception of the antiparticles introduced by Dirac into physics is briefly discussed. The processes of the antiparticles production, especially those of antiprotons and antinuclei are described. The problem of antiparticles is analysed from the point of view of the conservation laws and symmetry properties, amongst them: the idea of the elementarity, some symmetries in microphysics and conservation laws. The elementary particles systematics in this connection is presented proving that every particle has its antiparticle. The problem of the PCT symmetry on the microscopic level is analysed. (author)