Bio-chemical evaluation of honey produced by apis mellifera honeybee collected from jhang, bahawalpure, multan, jhelum and kalar kahar areas

The values of various quality criteria of Pakistani honeys were found within the permissible limits. The average moisture contents were 18.30%, 18.35%, 17.66%,16.27% and 18.7% from Jhang, Bahawalpur, Kalar Kahar, Multan and Jhelum, respectively. Similarly, the pH 4.26,4.50,3.91,3.72 and 3.33; electrical conductivity, 204.67 mScm ,137.8 mScm ,202.62 mScm, 277.33 mScm and 196.96 mScm free acidity 25.80 meqkg , 26.16 meqkg, 24.97 meq kg, 30.25 meq kg, 25.4 meqkg ; lactone 8.17 meqkg , 6.52 meqkg, 6.68 meqkg, 5 meqkg and 4.08 meqkg ; total acidity, 32.96 meqkg, 32.52 meqkg, 31.65 meqkg, 35.25 meqkg and 28.55 meqkg ; proline content, 376.64 mgkg, 312.8 mgkg, 260.17 mgkg, 402.57 mgkg and 286.84 m -1 gkg . Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) content of honey samples were measured as 30.25 mgkg from Jhang, 18.10 mgkg from Kalar Kahar, 25.29 mgkg from -1 -1 Bahawalpur, 19.71 mgkg from Multan, and 19.62 mgkg from Jhelum, respectively. (author)