Fe-Cluster Compounds of Chalcogenides: Candidates for Rare-Earth-Free Permanent Magnet and Magnetic Nodal-Line Topological Material

Here, Fe-cluster-based crystal structures are predicted for chalcogenides Fe₃X₄ (X = S, Se, Te) using an adaptive genetic algorithm. Topologically different from the well-studied layered structures of iron chalcogenides, the newly predicted structures consist of Fe clusters that are either separated by the chalcogen atoms or connected via sharing of the vertex Fe atoms. Additionally, using first-principles calculations, we demonstrate that these structures have competitive or even lower formation energies than the experimentally synthesized Fe₃X₄ compounds and exhibit interesting magnetic and electronic properties. In particular, we show that Fe₃X₄ can be a good candidate as a rare-earth-free permanent magnet and Fe₃X₄ can be a magnetic nodal-line topological material.