Investigation of tokamak solid-divertor target options

Analysis of survival constraints on the design of solid targets for tokamak bundle divertors is presented. Previous target design efforts are reviewed. Considerations of heat removal, surface erosion, and fatigue life are included in a generalized design window methodology which facilitates target selection. Using subcooled water as coolant, eight possible target materials are evaluated for use in tubular and plate targets as substrates, coatings, and claddings. Subject to the severe environment of the tokamak plasma, the most promising conventional designs are identified. A thermally bonded, mechanically unbonded laminated design is proposed and evaluated as a target design well suited to the divertor target environment. Due to fatigue and sputtering erosion this configuration has limited life, but appears to constitute an upper bound for the capabilities of a solid target design. Needs for experimental work are identified