X-ray observations of 2l-nl' transitions and configuration-interaction effects from Kr, Mo, Nb and Zr in near neon-like charge states from tokamak plasmas

X-ray spectra of 2l-3l' transitions in the elements krypton (Z = 36), zirconium (Z = 40), niobium (Z = 41) and molybdenum (Z = 42) from charge states around neon-like have been observed from Alcator C and Alcator C-Mod plasmas. Accurate wavelengths (±0.5 mA) have been determined with reference to neighbouring aluminium, silicon, sulfur, chlorine and argon lines with relatively well known wavelengths. Line identifications have been made by comparison to ab initio atomic structure calculations, using a fully relativistic, parametric potential code. Calculated wavelengths and oscillator strengths are presented for 2l-3l' transitions in neon-like ions and neighbouring Na-, Mg-, F- and O-like satellites. Electric quadrupole transitions in neon-like ions of the form 2s-3d and 2p-3p are found to be relatively bright, and their measured intensities agree well with the results of collisional-radiative modelling. The 2p-3s magnetic quadrupole transition is also relatively intense in the absence of collisional de-excitation at tokamak densities (1013-1015 cm-3). For krypton, transitions with upper levels up to n=9 have been observed, and the measured wavelengths and intensities have been compared with calculations. For some neon-like transitions with nearly degenerate upper levels, there can be substantial configuration interaction which alters the line intensities. (author)