Impact and Ratio of Lead in Ambient Air from Vehicular Emission in Quetta Valley, Pakistan

Air pollution is the fourth leading fatal health risk factor consider worldwide, resulting in 4.8 million premature deaths in 2013. Lead in Ambient Air remains a serious problem in many developing and industrializing countries, as well as in some developed countries. Toxic effects of lead is affecting many people especially in motorized, urban environments. Pakistan is the most urbanized country in South Asia and deteriorating Ambient Air conditions particularly in large urban cities are damaging the people's health and quality of life and contributes to environmental degradation. Monitoring of Air Pollution was conducted in Quetta Valley. The seasonal Annual average concentration of Lead in Ambient Air was calculated. The ratio of vehicular emission from exhaust pipe of vehicles was also calculated in Ambient Air. The results were compared with the WHO standards and found four times higher than WHO Standard i.e. 0.5-1 μg. The concentration was found higher in spring and found lower in summer. The results were compare with the major cities of world and within Pakistan. The paper also highlighted the impacts of Lead pollution in Quetta Valley. (paper)