Direct detection of spontaneous polarization in wurtzite GaAs nanowires

We demonstrate the direct detection of spontaneous polarization in the wurtzite crystal phase of gallium-arsenide (GaAs) nanowires. Using differential phase contrast microscopy (DPC) in a scanning transmission electron microscope, we map the differences in charge distribution between the zinc-blende and wurtzite crystal phases and use twin defects in the zinc-blende phase to quantify the polarization strength. The value of 2.7 × 10−3 C/m2 found for the polarization strength matches well with theoretical predictions.