Ground-state properties of dipolar Bose polarons

We consider a quantum impurity immersed in a dipolar Bose–Einstein condensate and study the properties of the emerging polaron. We calculate the energy, effective mass and quasi-particle residue of the dipolar polaron and investigate their behaviour with respect to the strength of zero-range contact and a long-range dipolar interactions among the condensate atoms and with the impurity. While quantum fluctuations in the case of pure contact interactions typically lead to an increase of the polaron energy, dipole–dipole interactions are shown to cause a sign reversal. The described signatures of dipolar interactions are shown to be observable with current experimental capabilities based on quantum gases of atoms with large magnetic dipole moments such as Erbium or Dysprosium condensates. (paper)