Radiation–Conduction Heat-Transfer Study for Mold Flux by Thermoviewer-Enhanced Infrared Emitter Technique

A thermoviewer-enhanced infrared emitter technique was developed in this article to study the heat-transfer behavior of mold flux in the continuous casting mold. Then, a radiation–conduction heat-transfer model was built to determine the radiative/conductive heat flux, thermal conductivity, and optical properties of slag. The results showed that the mold/slag interfacial thermal resistance decreases with the increasing temperature of slag surface at the mold side, and then reaches the minimum when the slag surface is the hottest, and finally increases slightly with further increase in slag crystallization. In addition, the radiative heat flux decreases with the increasing depth of radiation propagating into the slag. While the amount of heat of radiation lost is being converted to produce an additional radiative heat source to heat the slag, the increase in the conductive heat flux in the slag is realized. Furthermore, the apparent transmittivity is obtained as 0.63 for the glassy slag disk and as 0.41 for the partially crystallized slag disk. Besides, when mold heat flux decreases from the maximum to a saturation value due to the further slag crystallization, the corresponding apparent transmittivity of slag disk decreases from 0.58 to 0.41, and the ratio of the heat across the slag disk by radiation decreases from 67.3 to 50.0 pct.