A method of measuring the depth of the penetration channel during electron-beam welding

Penetration depth control is an important scientific and technical problem and the quality of welded joints largely depends on its solution. A mathematical model of the method of measuring the depth of the penetration channel during electron-beam welding has been developed. In order to determine the depth of penetration, the thickness of the solid metal under the keyhole produced by an electron-beam is measured. The measurement method is based on the use of X-ray radiation from the processing zone. The use of harmonic components of the signal, which are multiples of the scanning frequency, is a distinctive feature of the presented mathematical model of the X-ray sensor to monitor the thickness of the solid material under the cavity. (paper)