Chemical studies on preparation and characterization of zeolite material from fly ash for treatment of radioactive liquid wastes

Radioactive wastes are arise from the application of radioactive materials in many fields as well as from a number of liquid processes and waste streams at nuclear facilities. Such wastes should be managed in particular care. Ion exchangers such as clays and zeolites plays an important role in the treatment of such wastes. The present work was carried out in four main chapters; (1)This chapter included an introduction and a short notes covering the background of radioactive wastes, their sources, classification and treatment methods. also, this chapter overviewed the different synthesis methods of zeolites from fly ash. Furthermore, this chapter involved the theoretical background of kinetic and thermodynamics of the ion exchange processes. (2) This chapter involved the literature review covering the works that were done in the past to the present work in fields of characteristics of fly ash, past applications of fly ash, potential applications of zeolites synthesized from fly ash, kinetics and thermodynamics and ion exchange in fixed columns.(3)This chapter represented the different experimental procedures which were followed in the present work and is divided into three main parts. The first part covered the materials used in the present work. The second part covered the instruments used in the analysis and characterization of different samples. The last part covered the experimental procedures that were followed in the present study.(4) This chapter included the results obtained and their interpretation.