Towards metal detection and identification for humanitarian demining using magnetic polarizability tensor spectroscopy

This paper presents an inversion procedure to estimate the location and magnetic polarizability tensor of metal targets from broadband electromagnetic induction (EMI) data. The solution of this inversion produces a spectral target signature, which may be used in identifying metal targets in landmines from harmless clutter. In this process, the response of the metal target is modelled with dipole moment and fitted to planar EMI data by solving a minimization least squares problem. A computer simulation platform has been developed using a modelled EMI sensor to produce synthetic data for inversion. The reconstructed tensor is compared with an assumed true solution estimated using a modelled tri-axial Helmholtz coil array. Using some test examples including a sphere which has a known analytical solution, results show the inversion routine produces accurate tensors to within 12% error of the true tensor. A good convergence rate is also demonstrated even when the target location is mis-estimated by a few centimeters. Having verified the inversion routine using finite element modelling, a swept frequency EMI experimental setup is used to compute tensors for a set of test samples representing examples of metallic landmine components and clutter for a broadband range of frequencies (kHz to tens of kHz). Results show the reconstructed spectral target signatures are very distinctive and hence potentially offer an efficient physical approach for landmine identification. The accuracy of the evaluated spectra is similarly verified using a uniform field forming sensor. (paper)