Benefits from new applications of new types of gauges using nuclear techniques in the iron marking process

A depth-type density gauge based on gamma-ray scattering has been applied to the iron ore-sintering process to improve production yields, with a corresponding economic benefit. A fast neutron and γ-ray transmission gauge, using a 252Cf source, has been applied to the measurement of moisture in coke supplied to a blast furnace. This system has reduced coke and energy use and resulted in greater stability of furnace operation. These two examples of the application of nuclear techniques in the steel industry are described. (author)