Heat transfer phenomenon of natural convection in an open vessel and its infrared sensing

As infrared thermography has a convenient feature that we can diagnose two-dimensional temperature fields nondestructively and simultaneously at every picture element, it has widely been applied to various engineering applications. Therefore, in this paper, the surface temperature field having free surface was visualized and measured by sensing infrared energy emitted from the liquid-gas interface directly as electromagnetic waves. The heat transfer phenomena were also discussed by using the numerical computation. (author)