Role of ⁶⁸Ga prostrate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography-computed tomography scan in anaplastic and medullary thyroid cancer

Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is the most aggressive human malignancy and the major reason for mortality is local infiltration of airway/esophagus/great vessels of the neck. Local palliation, therefore, is of prime importance. Recently, the expression of prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) has been reported in nonprostate malignancies including thyroid cancer. Furthermore, because of the limited therapeutic options in ATC as well as medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), avidity to ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA might provide theranostic options. Grade 3 and above uptake was seen in the primary in 12 of the 14 patients. Although adequate PSMA uptake is seen in most of the ATCs and MTCs, whether it translates into clinical benefit is a matter of debate since the uptake is neovascular rather than tumoral. However, our study suggests that this issue needs further validation