Distribution of oreal, oreotundral, Ponto-Mediterranean, and Ponto-Caspian elements; 1 : 1 000 000; Distribution of eremial and boreomontane elements; 1 : 1 000 000; Distribution of submediterranean and subatlantic elements; 1 : 1 000 000; Distribution of alpine and East Carpathian elements; 1 : 1 000 000

Examples of chorological elements (eastcarpathian, alpine, submediterranean and subatlantic) document the complex structure of Slovak's fauna. They overlap to certain degree with faunogenetic elements (according to the glacial refuges and appurtenance to ecological macrobioms of the palaearctic region - arboreal, eremial, oreal or oreotundral. Species with wide area and ecological valence of spreading all over the territory, which represent the basic component of the fauna have been omitted from this survey. Examples of the individual elements have been selected from different groups of terrestrial land and limnic invertebrates. Distribution of the elements: · Alpine elements - the centre of spreading in the Alps or eastern Alps · Eastcarpathian elements - endemic species of the East Carpathian Mts. · Submediterranean elements - taxons with the centre of distribution in the Mediterranean subregion · Subatlantic elements - distribution in western Europe with oceanic climate · Oreal elements - taxons distribution in mountain provinces exclusively · Oreotundral elements - centre of distribution in tundra zone, today in territory of Slovakia at alpine zone as glacial relicts · Ponto and Ponto-Mediterranean elements of the terrestrial fauna - distribution in the east Mediterranean, east European steppes as far as the central Asia · Ponto-Caspian elements of limnic fauna - expansive species with original area in the rivers flowing into the Black and Caspian Seas · Eremial elements - fauna ecologically bound to other than forest semiarid and arid areas of the Palaearctic regions to the zone of steppes and deserts · Boreomontane elements - originally in the Euro-Asian taiga, now in central Europe in the mountain forests. (authors)