Correlation versus commensurability effects for finite bosonic systems in one-dimensional lattices

We investigate few-boson systems in finite one-dimensional multiwell traps covering the full interaction crossover from uncorrelated to fermionized particles. Our treatment of the ground-state properties is based on the numerically exact multiconfigurational time-dependent Hartree method. For commensurate filling, we trace the fingerprints of localization as the interaction strength increases, in several observables like reduced-density matrices, fluctuations, and momentum distribution. For a filling factor larger than 1 we observe on-site repulsion effects in the densities and fragmentation of particles beyond the validity of the Bose-Hubbard model upon approaching the Tonks-Girardeau limit. The presence of an incommensurate fraction of particles induces incomplete localization and spatial modulations of the density profiles, taking into account the finite size of the system.