Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from water by magnetic activated carbon nanocomposite from green tea waste

Highlights: • Magnetic activated carbon nanocomposite from green tea waste (MNPs-GTAC) was used for 4 priority PAHs' removal from water. • MNPs-GTAC was characterized by BET-N₂ method, XRD, FTIR, SEM/TEM, TGA and SQUID-VSM analyses. • PAH sorption increased with a rise in dose, ionic strength and temperature, but declined with a rise in pH and humic acid. • Kinetics followed a pseudo second order model, while isotherms fitted the Langmuir model. • Acetonitrile recovered adsorbed PAH, MNPs-GTAC recycled 5 times and applied to real water samples. This study aims to synthesize a magnetic activated carbon nanocomposite from green tea leaf waste (MNPs-GTAC) for evaluation of adsorption efficiency of 4 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). MNPs-GTAC contained spherically-shaped MNPs with cubic spinel structure, surface area at 118.8 m²/g, particle size at 8.6 nm and saturation magnetization at 34.2 emu/g. PAH adsorption reached a plateau at an MNPs-GTAC dose of 50 or 60 mg/L, pH of 2–4 and ionic strength of 0.1–10%, with PAH reduction in the presence of humic acid being compensated by addition of 0.1% sodium chloride. Kinetics was rapid attaining 80% removal within 5 min and the pseudo-second-order rate decreased in this order: Benzo[a]anthracene>Chrysene>Benzo[b]fluoranthene>Benzo[a]pyrene. Isotherm modeling revealed a Langmuir type-2 shape with the maximum adsorption capacity being 28.08, 22.75, 19.14 and 15.86 mg/g for Benzo[b]fluoranthene, Benzo[a]pyrene, Chrysene and Benzo[a]anthracene, respectively. Temperature study showed the PAH adsorption to be an endothermic and spontaneous process with increased randomness at solid-solution interface. Acetonitrile could completely recover the adsorbed PAH and MNPs-GTAC was successfully recycled 5 times with a minimum loss. Application to mineral water showed 86–98% and 72–89% removal for PAHs spiked respectively at 0.1 and 1 mg/L, while a complete removal was attained in tap and river waters.