Colour quarks as a new level of undestanding the microcosm

A short review of the problem of the discovery and investigation of colour quarks is presented. Tavkhelidze, Struminsky, Bogolyubov (USSR) and independently Hahn, Nambu (USA) and Miyamoto (Japan) proposed a hypothesis according to which quarks have a new earlier unknown quantum number or charge now called the colour. A great contrikation had been made by Nambu who was the first to introduce into the theory vector fields, carriers of colour interaction, the so-called gluons. Interactions of two colour charges mediated by gluons were called chromodynamic interactions and the relevant theory-quantum chromodynamics