A stochastic kinetic scheme for multi-scale plasma transport with uncertainty quantification

Highlights: • Fokker-Planck-Maxwell system is solved in the stochastic sense. • A kinetic scale-bridging interface flux function is constructed based on the stochastic Galerkin formulation. • An accelerative collocation method is proposed for the treatment of source terms. • The numerical experiments from Vlasov to magnetohydrodynamical regimes are presented. Plasmas present a diverse set of behaviors in different regimes. Given the intrinsic multi-scale nature of plasma dynamics, classical theoretical and numerical methods are often employed at separate scales with corresponding assumptions and approximations. Clearly, the coarse-grained modeling may introduce considerable uncertainties between the field solutions of flow and electromagnetic variables, and the real plasma physics. To study the emergence, propagation and evolution of randomness from gyrations of charged particles to magnetohydrodynamics poses great opportunities and challenges to develop both sound theories and reliable numerical algorithms. In this paper, a physics-oriented stochastic kinetic scheme will be developed that includes random inputs from both flow and electromagnetic fields via a hybridization of stochastic Galerkin and collocation methods. Based on the BGK-type relaxation model of the multi-component Boltzmann equation, a scale-dependent kinetic central-upwind flux function is designed in both physical and particle velocity space, and the governing equations in the discrete temporal-spatial-random domain are constructed. By solving Maxwell's equations with the wave-propagation method, the evolutions of ions, electrons and electromagnetic field are coupled throughout the simulation. We prove that the scheme is formally asymptotic-preserving in the Vlasov, magnetohydrodynamical, and neutral Euler regimes with the inclusion of random variables. Therefore, it can be used for the study of multi-scale and multi-physics plasma system under the effects of uncertainties, and provide scale-adaptive physical solutions under different ratios among numerical cell size, particle mean free path and gyroradius (or time step, local particle collision time and plasma period). Numerical experiments including one-dimensional Landau Damping, the two-stream instability and the Brio-Wu shock tube problem with one- to three-dimensional velocity settings, and each under stochastic initial conditions with one-dimensional uncertainty, will be presented to validate the scheme.