In situ vitrification: Providing a comprehensive solution for remediation of contaminated soils

In situ vitrification is a thermal treatment technology being developed for remediation of contaminated soils. The process transforms easily leached, contaminated soils into a leach-resistant, vitreous and crystalline monolith. The process is applicable to a wide range of soil types and conditions that include virtually any combination of radioactive, hazardous, and mixed waste contaminants. The process is currently applicable to sites that are less than 5-m deep and that do not contain sealed containers. The range of capabilities and limitations of the process is discussed in the paper. Also discussed are the results of two recent demonstrations, one a pilot-scale test on a model radioactive site at Oak Ridge, TN, the other a full-scale test on a mixed waste disposal crib at Hanford, WA. These and other successful tests have led to preparation for three near-term future demonstrations at these sites; a discussion of the plans and expectations for the demonstrations is also included in the paper