Plastic loads for 90 .deg. thick-walled-elbows under combined pressure and bending

Based on three-dimensional (3-D) FE limit analyses, this paper provides plastic limit load solutions for thick-walled elbows under combined pressure and bending. The plastic limit loads are determined from FE limit analyses based on elastic-perfectly-plastic materials using large geometry change option provide plastic loads (using the twice-elastic-slope method). For bending mode, closing bending opening bending and out-of-plane bending are considered.