Utilization of modular steam generators for pressurized water reactors

Steam generators for pressurized water reactors are of special importance for nuclear power, mainly with respect to their installation in WWER 440 and WWER 1000 power plants from which also dual-purpose power plants and nuclear heating plants are to be derived. Integral-design horizontal steam generators are commonly used in these plants. In view of a number of constraints on their use, possibilities have been studied of utilizing modular steam generators for pressurized water reactors. As against integral steam generators, these types have a number of advantages, e.g., the possible replacement of any failed part, the 100% blow through of heating surface tubes on the primary side moreover the 16 mm diameter by 1.4 mm thick tubes in the heating surface bundle are not cross-passed but by-passed with the water-steam mixture, which eliminates vibrations and deformations on anchoring sites in collectors, longer tube life, increased steam dryness, etc. (Kr)