Electron spectra and structure of atomic and molecular clusters

Changes in electronic structure that occur during the stepwise transition from gas phase monomers to large clusters which resemble the condensed phase were studied. This basic information on weakly bound clusters is critical to the understanding of such phenomena as nucleation, aerosol formation, catalysis, and gas-to-particle conversion, yet there exist almost no experimental data on neutral particle energy levels or binding energies as a function of cluster size