Problems, pitfalls, perspectives and potentials of quantitative theoretical models for cellular radiation action

The problem of quantitative mathematical models in cellular radiation biology is discussed in a general way. It is emphasized that there are a number of stages, starting from the spatial pattern of energy deposition and ending with repair/misrepair processes which all need to be incorporated. Since different types of radiation commonly yield very similar dose-response curves a model which is only valid for one special case cannot claim general applicability. Interaction experiments with ultraviolet and ionizing radiation are discussed in this context. Also the role of different experimental systems (microorganisms versus mammalian cells) has to be taken into account. A number of current model approaches are discussed within this context, and it is shown that most of them do not satisfy the criterion of universal applicability and can therefore not claim to give a 'true' picture of biological reality. Shouldered survival curves are taken as an example to illustrate these points in a more specific way