L and M shell coulomb ionization by heavy charged projectiles

Universal cross sections for L and M shell ionization have been extracted from the semiclassical approximation (SCA) model in the straight line path approximation of the projectile. It has been shown that it is possible to organise the calculation of the SCA in a suitable way so that it is not necessary to calculate the cross section for different targets. The agreement between the theoretical curve in the SCA model and the available experimental data for different target elements, is reasonably good. Cross sections for L and M shell ionization in the straight line path of the projectile in the SCA model for Pb, Au and U targets by the impact of protons have been calculated. The results have been compared with those calculated in the Binary Encounter Approximation (BEA) and the Plane Wave Born Approximation (PWBA) as well as with the available experimental results. The present calculations are in good agreement with the existing theoretical and the experimental results. (author)