Climate and smoke: an appraisal of nuclear winter

A review of the latest studied on the problem of nuclear winter is presented. Considerable progress in greantitative evaluation of soot formation and injection in result of large-scale fires, regional and global soot scattering and physical and chemical disturbances in the environment, caused by these processes, has been achieved in recent years. It was revealed that abnormal atmopsheric circulations, caused by soot heating by the Sun, stabilized the upper atmosphere with respect to vertical mixing and therefore increased soot lifetime and accelerated processes of transport between hemispheres leading to their long-term influence on southern hemisphere. New problems, related with soot injection, including monsoon failure and strong depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in northern hemisphere, were revealed