Flow visualization IV

Aerodynamics and hydrodynamics are still the main areas of investigation using flow visualization techniques, as well as classical optical techniques such as schlieren and interferometry. More recent developments include holography, speckle, laser light sheets, laser-induced tracers and laser-induced fluorescence. A number of studies are now under way on turbulent and vortex flows, within boundary layers or wakes, in the mixing layer of two flows using these methods. Other studies concern jets, two-phase flows and air-water interface. Flow visualization techniques are also used in other fields of research such as heat transfer, combustion studies, and flows within tubes and pipes. However, visual observation of pictures taken by means of flow visualization techniques is no longer enough. A new field of research has opened with the development of image acquisition and processing techniques using computers. These new techniques make it possible to get 2-D or 3-D velocity distributions automatically from seeding particle traces on one or several images. Other studies use video image processing to measure drop size or concentration. To review and discuss developments in flow visualization, four international symposia have been held. Following Tokyo, Bochum and Ann Arbor, the Fourth International Symposium on Flow Visualization (ISFV 4) was held in Paris. This book compiles the papers presented in these international symposia