The problem of risk perception: A preliminary study on some underestimated aspects of the social phenomenon

The paper examines the psychological and social aspects of the preponderant determinant of modern energy policy, i.e. the risk perception. The rational, optimum and at the same time socially acceptable energy policy is, in democratic systems, determined by public opinion. The intensity of common concern on this point makes social acceptance the necessary condition of any realizable energy policy. The decisive factor for acceptance is the public perception of the risks associated with a given energy source. It is obvious that, especially in the case of nuclear energy, this issue is of outstanding importance. In view of the deeply emotional worldwide reactions against nuclear energy, the need for effective counteractions to be undertaken obliges the competent scientists not to confine research to mere risk assessment related problems but also to take account of the risk perception by society. It is reminded that the common feelings on energy related risks do not correspond to the reality, therefore an attempt of explanation of respective human attitudes is needed. It is indicated that the modern man living in the civilized world - thus, in a much safer one than in prehistoric times - shows a distinct demand for stronger stimuli. The mass media in turn, following the rules of market economy, successfully try to satisfy this need. The well known properties of nuclear energy predetermine it to become a perfect source of such a stimulus, which results inevitably in social reaction against the nuclear power. Finally, in the difficult task to find an efficient counter measure, the shift is suggested of a minute fraction of the means spent for very expensive improvements of (already high) nuclear safety to the enlightenment of the society on the true ranking of energy related risks. It might prove to be the most cost-efficient action for mankind sake in the field of energy issues. (author). 6 refs