A generic algebraic targeting approach for integration of renewable energy sources, CO2 capture and storage and negative emission technologies in carbon-constrained energy planning

Highlights: • Deployment of NET, CCS and renewables are solution for sustainable future. • Pinch analysis allows for systematic planning for grid decarbonization. • Algebraic targeting method provides rigorous targets for an energy planning problem. • NET deployment lowers the extent of CCS retrofit. Renewable energy sources, CO₂ capture and storage (CCS) and negative emission technologies (NETs) are important elements to incorporate during energy planning to achieve climate change targets by the end of this century. This paper develops a generic algebraic targeting approach based on carbon emissions pinch analysis (CEPA), for the integration of renewable energy sources, CCS and NETs during CO₂-constrained energy planning. Since the recently established graphical targeting approach is both time-consuming and cumbersome, the algebraic targeting approach developed in this work eliminates the iterative procedure and provides rigorous targets that overcome the limitations of the previous approach. The algebraic targeting approach is demonstrated with a literature case study. Results show that the integration of energy-producing NETs (EP-NETs) reduces energy generation from fossil-based sectors, which leads to CO₂ removal. By contrast, despite the removal of CO₂ load, the integration of energy-consuming NETs (EC-NETs) demanded further utilisation of renewable energy sources as compensatory energy. Finally, CCS deployment aided in CO₂ load removal, thus reducing the necessary integration of NETs during energy planning.