Published June 1960
| Version v1
Book
Routine Methods of Standardization in Canada
Creators
Description
The standardization of β-active nuclides is undertaken primarily by Atomic Energy of Canada Limited using the 4 πβ and 4 πβ-γ coincidence techniques. The detectors used are gas flow counters operated in the proportional region. For gaseous activities the method of differential gas counting is employed while for those nuclides which decay by electron capture a high pressure 4 π proportional counter is available. Radium standardization, by ionization measurement, is carried out at the National Research Council, Ottawa. The ionization chamber and associated circuitry will be described; an accuracy for intercomparison of sources of 0.1% may be achieved. The same ionization chamber can also be used to calibrate Co60 sources in millicurie range; the radium and cobalt sources calibrated routinely are mainly for medical application. Standardization of other nuclides has been carried out by determining their specific γ-ray emission. The absolute calibration of neutron sources is also undertaken using various methods, while intercomparison of neutron sources is effected by long BF3 counters. Recently, a 4 πβ-γ coincidence apparatus has been built which basically follows the design of Atomic Energy of Canada Limited. (author)
Abstract (French)
Les emetteurs β sont etalonnes surtout par l'Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, qui utilise des dispositifs 4 πβ et 4πβ-γ a coincidences. Les appareils sont des compteurs a gaz travaillant dans la region dite ''proportionelle''. Pour les gaz radioactifs, on utilise la methode differentielle de comptage et pour les nuclides a capture electronique, il existe un compteur propor- tionnel 4 πa haute pression. L'etalonnage du radium par mesure de l'ionisation se fait au National Research Council, a Ottawa. Les auteurs decrivent la chambre d'ionisation et les circuits associes; il est possible de comparer les sources entre elles avec une precision de 0.1 o/o. La chambre d'ionisation en question peut egalement servir a l'etalonnage de sources de Co60 d'une activite de l'ordre du millicurie; les sources de radium et de cobalt ainsi etalonnees sont destinees surtout a des applications medicales. On a etalonne d'autres nuclides en mesurant leur emission specifique des rayons γ. L'etalonnage absolu des sources de neutrons se fait par plusieurs methodes et l'on compare ces sources entre elles a l'aide de compteurs longs au triflu- orure de bore. Un dispositif a coincidences 4πβ-γ a ete recemment construit d'apres les plans de l'Atomic Energy of Canada, Limited. (author)Abstract (Spanish)
La entidad que se ocupa principalmente de la normalizacion de los radionuclidos β es la Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, que emplea para ello metodos β 4 π y β-γ 4 π de coincidencias. Como detectores se utilizan contadores de corriente gaseosa con los que se trabaja en la zona de proporcionalidad . Para determinar la actividad de sustancias gaseosas se recurre al metodo diferencial de recuento, en tanto que para los nuclidos que se desintegran por captura electronica se emplea un contador proporcional 4 π de elevada presion. La normalizacion del radio por medida de la ionizacion se efectua en el National Research Council, Ottawa. Los autores describen la camara de ionizacion y los circuitos auxiliares; en le comparacion de las fuentes puede alcanzarse una precision del 0.1%. La misma camara de ionizacion puede tambien servir para calibrar fuentes de Co60 cuya actividad sea del orden de los milicuries; las fuentes de radio y cobalto asi calibradas se destinan por lo general a aplicaciones medicas. Se ha efectuado la normalizacion de otros radionuclidos determinando la radiacion γ especifica que emiten. Asimismo, se efectua la calibracion absoluta de fuentes neutronicas siguiendo diferentes metodos; la comparacion de dichas fuentes se hace con ayuda de contadores largos de BF3. Recientemente, se ha costruido un contador de coincidencias β-γ 4 π, que, en lineas generales, presenta caracteristicas analogas a las del aparato de'' la Atomic Energy of Canada Limited. (author)Abstract (Russian)
Standartizatsiya β-aktivnykh izotopov predprinimaetsya v pervuyu ochered' kompaniej Atomik EHnerdzhi of Kanada Limitid, ispol'zuyushchej 4 πβ i 4 πβ-γ schetchiki sovpadenij. V kachestve detektorov ispol'zovalis ' proportsional'nye gazovye schetchiki. Dlya opredeleniya gazovykh aktivnostej primenyaetsya metod differentsial'nogo gazovogo ischisleniya, dlya tekh zhe izotopov, kotorye raspadayutsya pri zakhvate ehlektronov, imeetsya proportsional'nyj schetchik 4π vysokogo davleniya. Standartizatsiya radiya pri pomoshchi izmereniya ionizatsii osushchestvlyaetsya Natsional'nym nauchno-issledovatel'skim Sovetom v Ottave. Budut opisany ionizatsionnaya kamera i svyazannaya s nej skhema. Pri sravnenii istochnikov mozhet byt' dostignuta tochnost' v 0,1%. Ta zhe samaya ionizatsionnaya kamera mozhet byt' takzhe ispol'zovana dlya kalibrovki istochnikov So60 v predelakh millikyuri; istochniki radiya i kobal'ta, kalibrovannye obychnym sposobom, primenyayutsya, glavnym obrazom, dlya meditsinskikh tselej. Standartizatsi ya drugikh izotopov byla osushchestvlena posredstvom opredeleniya ikh udel'nogo β-izlucheniya. Absolyutnaya kalibrovka istochnikov nejtronov osushchestvlyaets ya takzhe i s pomoshch'yu razlichnykh metodom, a ikh sravnenie mezhdu soboj dlinnymi BF3 schetchikami. Nedavno byl sozdan 4 πβ-γ schetchik sovpadenij. On v osnovnom sovpadaet s konstruktsiej kompanii Atomik EHnerdzhi oF Kanada Limitid. (author)Additional details
Additional titles
- Original title (English)
- Methodes courantes d'etalonnage des radionuclides au Canada; Obychnye metody standartizatsii , primenyaemye v Kanade; Metodos corrientes de normalizacion de radionuclidos en el Canada
Publishing Information
- Publisher
- IAEA
- Imprint Place
- Vienna (International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA))
- Imprint Title
- Metrology of Radionuclides. Proceedings of a Symposium
- Imprint Pagination
- 488 p.
- Series
- Proceedings Series
- Journal Page Range
- p. 3-20
- ISSN
- 0074-1884
Conference
- Title
- Symposium on Metrology of Radionuclides
- Dates
- 14-16 Oct 1959
- Place
- Vienna (Austria)
INIS
- Country of Publication
- International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
- Country of Input or Organization
- International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
- INIS RN
- 43113050
- Subject category
- S46: INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY;
- Resource subtype / Literary indicator
- Conference
- Descriptors DEI
- ACCURACY; BF3 COUNTERS; CALIBRATION; CANADA; COBALT 60; ELECTRON CAPTURE; EMISSION; GAS FLOW; IONIZATION; IONIZATION CHAMBERS; NEUTRON SOURCES; NUCLEAR ENERGY; RADIUM; STANDARDIZATION
- Descriptors DEC
- ALKALINE EARTH METALS; BETA DECAY RADIOISOTOPES; BETA-MINUS DECAY RADIOISOTOPES; CAPTURE; COBALT ISOTOPES; DEVELOPED COUNTRIES; ELEMENTS; ENERGY; FLUID FLOW; INTERMEDIATE MASS NUCLEI; INTERNAL CONVERSION RADIOISOTOPES; ISOMERIC TRANSITION ISOTOPES; ISOTOPES; MEASURING INSTRUMENTS; METALS; MINUTES LIVING RADIOISOTOPES; NEUTRON DETECTORS; NORTH AMERICA; NUCLEI; ODD-ODD NUCLEI; PARTICLE SOURCES; PROPORTIONAL COUNTERS; RADIATION DETECTORS; RADIATION SOURCES; RADIOISOTOPES; YEARS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES
Optional Information
- Notes
- Figs., tab., refs.
- Secondary number(s)
- STI/PUB--6