Effects of the processing parameters in the synthesis of BaTiO₃ nanoparticle by using the co-precipitation method

In this study, BaTiO₃ powder was synthesized by using the co-precipitation of BaCl₂ and TiOCl₂ in a highly-alkaline solution at ambient pressure and a heating temperature lower than 100 .deg. C. Control of both the pH of the sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution and the concentrations of the starting raw materials was studied to evaluate their effects on the grain size and the homogeneity of the powder. Under the condition of a solution pH of 14 and a reaction temperature of 80 .deg. C, an average particle size of 80 nm was estimated. X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy analyses showed that with high-energy ball milling in a bead mill, the uniformity and the dispersion of BaTiO₃ particles could be enhanced.