Annual and seasonal variabilities in the performances of wave energy converters

Highlights: • The annual and seasonal variabilities of wave energy converters were investigated. • Technologies selected were Pelamis, AquaBuOY and Wave Dragon. • This evaluation relied on a medium-term wave resource assessment in western Brittany. • The energy output was characterised by reduced annual and seasonal variations. • The most energetic wave conditions contributed to a restricted part of power generation. Locations of wave energy converters (WECs) are, most of the time, determined in areas with the highest density of mean wave power while ignoring the temporal variabilities of the resource. The most energetic regions are, however, characterised by strong inter- and intra-annual variations of wave power that may impact the energy production and performances of devices. We investigated these influences by focusing on the generated power from three well-known WECs that reached the stage of full-stage testing: Pelamis, AquaBuOY and Wave Dragon. This evaluation was conducted in western Brittany, one of the most energetic area along the coast of France. In comparison with the available resource, the generated technical power was characterised by reduced annual and seasonal variations. These effects were particularly noticeable for Pelamis that exhibited a reduced intermittency in the energy output between the winter and summer periods. The most energetic conditions had furthermore a restricted contribution to devices power output, mainly related to events with energy periods between 10.5 and 12.5 s, and significant wave heights between 2.75 and 4.25 m. WECs performances exhibited finally strong variabilities, in winter, with monthly-averaged values of the capacity factor up to $65\text{\%}$ for Wave Dragon.