Radiation effects in Low Gain Avalanche Detectors after hadron irradiations

Novel silicon detectors with charge gain were designed (Low Gain Avalanche Detectors - LGAD) to be used in particle physics experiments, medical and timing applications. They are based on a n⁺⁺-p⁺-p structure where appropriate doping of multiplication layer (p⁺) is needed to achieve high fields and impact ionization. Several wafers were processed with different junction parameters resulting in gains of up to 16 at high voltages. In order to study radiation hardness of LGAD, which is one of key requirements for future high energy experiments, several sets of diodes were irradiated with reactor neutrons, 192 MeV pions and 800 MeV protons to the equivalent fluences of up to Φ_eq=10¹⁶ cm⁻². Transient Current Technique and charge collection measurements with LHC speed electronics were employed to characterize the detectors. It was found that the gain decreases with irradiation, which was attributed to effective acceptor removal in the multiplication layer. Other important aspects of operation of irradiated detectors such as leakage current and noise in the presence of charge multiplication were also investigated