Diagnostic Pitfalls in Postinterventional Intraarterial Magnetic Resonance Angiography after Recanalization of Femoropopliteal Arterial Occlusions

Background: Magnetic resonance (MR)-guided vascular interventions are of increasing interest, and, with the use of contrast-enhanced techniques, intraarterial contrast-enhanced MR angiography (ia-ce-MRA) competes with intraarterial digital subtraction angiography (ia-DSA) for the diagnostic evaluation of the infrainguinal vessel tree. Purpose: To assess the diagnostic value of ia-ce-MRA and high-resolution T1-weighted (hr-T1w) imaging compared to the gold-standard ia-DSA for residual stenosis and local dissections after femoropopliteal recanalization in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD). Material and Methods: Eight patients with PAOD and short vessel occlusion of their femoropopliteal arteries underwent recanalization and balloon positioning under DSA. Patients were transferred to a short-bore MR scanner. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) was accomplished under MR fluoroscopy. Pre- and postinterventional ia-ce three-dimensional (3D) gradient-echo MRA with gadopentate dimeglumine was performed using the intraarterial introducer sheath. Maximum intensity projections (MIP) and multiplanar reconstructions (MPR) were calculated from the data set. High-resolution T1w images of the angioplasty region before and after dilatation were acquired. Control ia-DSA images were obtained. Results: The postinterventional angioplasty results for stenosis grading were comparable in ia-MRA and ia-DSA. Only two of five local dissections in ia-DSA were visualized with the ia-ce-MRA runs including MIPs and MPRs. To clearly depict dissection, hr-T1w images were needed. Conclusion: Grading of stenotic lesions with ia-ce-MRA after PTA is comparable to ia-DSA. Intraarterial ce-MRA with calculated MIPs and MPRs is only partially sufficient to visualize local dissections after PTA. High-resolution T1w images are required for precise diagnosis of dissections in magnetic resonance tomography