Analysis of rare events in heavy-ion experiments

The experiments in both high- and low-energy physics are planned so that physically interesting effects mathematically are rare (or small probability) events, compared to others, whose probabilities are not small. Correspondingly, the purpose of the paper was the development of the formalism for the treatment of rare events, which could be an inevitable alternative to methods requiring too much of a priori information about the studied effect, in a situation when such an information is absent, but, instead, information is available, e.g. from the calibration measurements. The main topics of the paper were: (1) To what extent the methods of Poisson time-event streams are suitable for the goal declared? (2) What information can be extracted from the calibration measurement which registered zero interesting events? The method described is illustrated by the analysis of data registered in the experiment on the synthesis of the element 114