Identification of bunches and particles in LHC experiments

Problems associated with the identification of bunches and particles used at the largest installations designed for LHC experiments are considered. In addition, parameters of such detectors as time-projection chambers, ring-imaging chambers, transition-radiation detectors, time-of-flight systems based on resistive-plate chambers, and calorimeters used for particle identification are considered. Installations designed by JINR and other Russian physicists for particle identification are described.