Impact of gate closure time on the efficiency of power systems balancing

Highlights: • This paper investigates the most relevant timing for the balancing gate closure. • Simulations are carried out with a multi-level simulation tool. • A balancing gate closure time of 1 h provides a lower operational cost. • The difference is explained by a better coordination of the available resources. -- Abstract: This paper focuses on market design options for operational balancing management in self-dispatch electric power systems. In particular, it investigates the most relevant timing for the balancing gate closure, when competitors' decisions on the setting of controllable assets are neutralized and this responsibility is simultaneously transferred to the system operator. This discussion is central in the development and implementation of the European Electricity Balancing Guideline. Based on a multi-level simulation tool with a realistic modelling of short-term power system operations, this paper proposes the first quantitative assessment of postponing the balancing gate closure time from 1 h to 15 min ahead of the imbalance settlement period. For different environments (energy mix, power plant capabilities, outages, etc), the results highlight that postponing the balancing gate closure time from 1 h to 15 min increases the operational cost of the system. Based on robust and scalable results, we show that this difference is mainly due to a better coordination of the available resources by the central decision maker.