Combinatorial fabrication and studies of intense efficient ultraviolet--violet organic light-emitting device arrays

Arrays of ultraviolet--violet (indium tin oxide)/[copper phthalocyanine (CuPc)]/[4,4'-bis(9-carbazolyl)biphenyl (CBP)]/[2-(4-biphenylyl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4oxadiazole (Bu-PBD)]/CsF/Al organic light-emitting devices, fabricated combinatorially using a sliding shutter technique, are described. Comparison of the OLED electroluminescence and CBP photoluminescence spectra indicates that the emission originates from the bulk of that layer. In arrays of devices in which the thickness of the CuPc and Bu--PBD were varied, but that of CBP was fixed at 50 nm, the optimal radiance R was obtained at CuPc and Bu--PBD thicknesses of 15 and 18 nm, respectively. At 10 mA/cm2, R was 0.38 mW/cm2, i.e., the external quantum efficiency was 1.25%; R increased to ∼1.2 mW/cm2 at 100 mA/cm2