Break flow and two-phase jet-load model

A model has been developed for predicting two-phase, water jet loads. The model ranges in application from 60 to 170 bars pressure and 700C subcooled liquid to 0.75 (or greater) quality - completely covering the range of vessel conditions of interest in pressurized water or boiling water reactors. The model was developed using advanced two-dimensional computational techniques to solve the governing equations of mass, momentum, and energy. The model predicts subcooled loadings in excess of the twice (stagnation pressure) x (exit area), one-dimensional limit, thus questioning the conservatism of current jet load models. Simple, approximate engineering models are given for estimating expansion characteristics, shock strengths, and stagnation pressures. These approximate models could be used for estimating pressures on various geometric target configurations