Spatial distribution characteristics of magnetization in exchange-coupled bilayers with mutually orthogonal anisotropies

The magnetization distribution of a bilayer exchange spring system with mutually orthogonal anisotropies was investigated by micromagnetic simulation. Results showed that the spatial change rate of the magnetization direction could be engineered by varying the material parameters, layer thicknesses, and magnetic field. When no magnetic field is applied, this angular change rate is determined by three parameter ratios: a ratio of the exchange energy and anisotropy constants of both layers and two thickness ratios of both layers. If these three ratios are kept invariant, the ratio of the angular change of the soft layer over the hard layer will remain the same. When a magnetic field is applied, two more ratios concerning the magnetic field should be added to determine the spatial angular change of the magnetization direction. - Highlights: • A bilayer exchange spring system with mutually orthogonal anisotropies was studied. • The spatial change rate of the magnetization direction was engineered by varying the material parameters and magnetic field. • The parameters that can determine the angular change are determined.