Theory of Coulomb interactions in the intermediate states of pion-nucleus scattering

The authors have developed a systematic description of the portion of the π-nucleus potential which stems from the electromagnetic interactions in inelastic channels. This portion is not included in the common form of the potential, though there was a previous proposal to include it using different effective energies for π scattering. The authors found that the portion is proportional to +/-Z for π scattering in the lowest order of the Coulomb potential and can be effectively included as a part of the Coulomb potential in the elastic channel. 1 reference