Angular dependences of the thermodynamic and electromagnetic properties of the high-Tc superconductors in the mixed state

The dependence upon the applied field H of the Gibbs free energy difference ΔG between the mixed and normal states of a high-κ anisotropic type-II superconductor is examined; ΔG is found to be a function only of the reduced field h=H/Hc2(θ,φ) for H much-gt Hc1. Other thermodynamic quantities such as the magnetization and specific heat show similar behaviors. The same scaling property can also be observed for the magnetoresistivity, critical current density, and flux-line-lattice melting temperature of the high-Tc superconductors