Model for toroidal velocity in H-mode plasmas in the presence of internal transport barriers

A model for predicting toroidal velocity in H-mode plasmas in the presence of internal transport barriers (ITBs) is developed using an empirical approach. In this model, it is assumed that the toroidal velocity is directly proportional to the local ion temperature. This model is implemented in the BALDUR integrated predictive modelling code so that simulations of ITB plasmas can be carried out self-consistently. In these simulations, a combination of a semi-empirical mixed Bohm/gyro-Bohm (mixed B/gB) core transport model that includes ITB effects and NCLASS neoclassical transport is used to compute a core transport. The boundary is taken to be at the top of the pedestal, where the pedestal values are described using a theory-based pedestal model based on a combination of magnetic and flow shear stabilization pedestal width scaling and an infinite-n ballooning pressure gradient model. The combination of the mixed B/gB core transport model with ITB effects, together with the pedestal and the toroidal velocity models, is used to simulate the time evolution of plasma current, temperature and density profiles of 10 JET optimized shear discharges. It is found that the simulations can reproduce an ITB formation in these discharges. Statistical analyses including root mean square error (RMSE) and offset are used to quantify the agreement. It is found that the averaged RMSE and offset among these discharges are about 24.59% and -0.14%, respectively.