Critical behavior of LaBiCaMn${}_2$O${}_7$ and its relation with magnetocaloric effect

Double-layered LaBiCaMn${}_2$O${}_7$ perovskites were synthesized using solid-state reaction. The critical exponents were explored around its Curie temperature. The magnetic transition nature from ferromagnetic to paramagnetic states was found to be a second-order. Several methods, including the modified Arrott plot technique (MAP), the Widom scaling relation (WSR), the critical isotherm analysis (CIA), and the Kouvel-Fisher (KF), were used to examine the critical exponents. A different investigation of the critical behaviour by the use of the magnetocaloric effect was also presented. We demonstrate that it is in accordance with the investigation of the magnetization data. The values of the critical exponents (CEs) computed were consistent with those predicted by the mean field approach. On the basis of these results, one may be able to conclude that the ferromagnetic exchange interaction is a long-range order.