Conceptual Design of 400MWt small Modular Thorium Molten Salt Demonstration Reactor (smTMSR-400)

smTMSR-400 is a 400MWth/ 168 MWe small modular Thorium Molten Salt Demonstration Reactor designed by Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Science. smTMSR-400 is designed as a thorium convertor and in situ burner driven by low enriched uranium. The nuclear heat supply system consists of reactor module, molten salt loop, heat storage system and heat utilization system. smTMSR-400 will be applied as a high temperature heat source, which not only can be used for electricity generation, but also can satisfy the energy diversified demands, such as seawater desalination, heat supply, supercritical steam supply for industry demands and hydrogen production etc. A molten salt heat storage system will help smTMSR-400 to serve Peak and valley regulation for hybrid-energy system. After offline batch reprocessing, thorium and uranium can be recycled into a new reactor in order to minimum the spent fuel mass as well as enhance the neutron economy. Most off-line pyro-processing techniques, such as, fluoride volatility, vacuum distillation and electrochemical reduction, will used in fuel cycle of smTMSR-400.