Injector for a high frequency wave generating tube of the central injection Gyrotron type

This theoretical and at the same time experimental study was carried out at the 'Service Ionique Generale' in Grenoble. High frequency wave generators are already in use there, making it possible to approach the fusion conditions of light elements such as deuterium. The plasma confined by the toroidal magnetic field uses to heat itself the electromagnetic energy provided by sources from which a good performance is required. Klystron and Magnetron are devices in which the interaction between the electric and magnetic fields of a resonating cavity and the continuous energy of a beam produces a positive result. In the Klystron, the velocity modulation is axial whereas in the Magnetron it is azimuthal. Therefore packets of electrons are formed. If this modulation of the velocities occurs radially, the beam will swell and compress periodically. The name of 'Central Injection Gyrotron' has been associated recently in the literature to this type of interaction exhibiting a good performance. Placing on trajectory the electrons forming the beam is one of the difficulties of the good working of this ultra high frenquency tube. Since no device gives safisfaction at the present time, the devising of a new type of injector specially adapted to the forming of the beam is therefore justified. The originality is that it uses on the electrostatic gun side a cathode immersed in a magnetic field of which the axial component is in the opposite direction to that which maintains the formed beam injected in the cavity. The magnetic correction of the trajectories is the most practical with respect to the experiment, providing that the electrostatic gun does not disperse them individually. This leads to seeking an improvement in the geometry of the gun. However, it will be necessary to consider the problems of power limitation due to the space charge